The Main and New Risk Factors that Contribute to the Development of Ischemic Strokes in Young Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0713.6.60.2013.86005Keywords:
heterogeneous ischemic stroke, new risk factorsAbstract
The article deals with the analysis and evaluation of existing baseline risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, contributing to the emergence of heterogeneous ischemic strokes (atherosclerosis, critical, symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, dyslipidemia, cardiac disease, etc.), settles new risk factors that contribute to acute cerebrovascular accidents and chronic cerebrovasculardiseases, especially in young people. Criteria of clinical and paraclinical diagnostics are provided to identify such risk factors and their possible correction. The lecture is designed for interns neurologists, trainee neurologists of thematic improvement and pre-certification courses, as well as family physicians.
References
Дзяк Л.А. Инсульт у пациентов молодого возраста / Л.А. Дзяк, Е.С. Цуркаленко // Практическая ангионеврология. — 2010. — № 2. — С. 9-14.
Евтушенко С.К., Лисовский Е.В., Евтушенко О.С. Дисплазия соединительной ткани в неврологии и педиатрии (клиника, диагностика, лечение): Руководство для врачей. — Донецк, 2009. — 372 с.
Евтушенко С.К. Гормональные контрацептивные средства как фактор риска ишемического инсульта у женщин молодого возраста / С.К. Евтушенко, М.Ф. Иванова, С.В. Налетов, И.С. Евтушенко, Я.Ю. Галаева // Международный неврологический журнал. — 2008. — № 3(18). — С. 72-76.
Евтушенко С.К. Патологическая роль гемодинамически незначимого открытого овального окна в развитии кардиоэмболического инсульта / С.К. Евтушенко, Е.В. Шепотинник, Г.В. Фадеева, Т.В. Чумарина, В.В. Пономарев // Международный неврологический журнал. — 2008. — № 1(17). — С. 36-39.
Евтушенко И.С. Дермато-нефро-цереброкардиальные проявления болезни Фабри / И.С. Евтушенко // Український медичний часопис. — VII/VIII 2013. — № 4(96).
Евтушенко С.К., Евтушенко И.С. Мигрень и лакунарные инсульты как базисное проявление церебральной аутосомнодоминантной артериопатии с субкортикальными инфарктами и лейкоэнцефалопатией (CADASILсиндром) // МНЖ. — 2011. — № 8(46). — С. 4042.
Зозуля І.С. Гіпергомоцистеїнемія та інші метаболічні предиктори розвитку і перебігу ішемічного інсульту / Зозуля І.С., Шевчук В.І., Безсмертна Г.В. — К.: Національна медична академія післядипломної освіти імені П.Л. Шупика. — 2011. — C. 34-36, 124-125.
Мищенко Т.С. Факторы риска и клинические особенности у больных с различными подтипами ишемического инсульта / Т.С. Мищенко, Н.В. Овсянникова, В.В. Лебединец // Международный медицинский журнал. — 2011. — № 3. — С. 27-32.
Симонян В.А. Инсульт в молодом возрасте вследствие диссекции позвоночной артерии / Симонян В.А., Винокурова О.Н., Блиндарук С.Г., Воропаева Т.Ю. // Международный неврологический журнал. — 2012. — № 5(51). — С. 56-58.
Федин А.И. Гипергомоцистеинемия как фактор риска инсульта / А.И. Федин, В.С. Ефимов, А.З. Кашежева, М.А. Кромм // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. — Прил. «Инсульт». — 2002. — № 6. — С. 24-28.
Филимонов Д.А. Гипергомоцистеинемия как прокоагулянтный фактор риска у пациентов с атеротромботическим ишемическим инсультом и возможности лечебной коррекции // Нейронауки: теоретические и клинические аспекты. — 2012. — № 8(2). — С. 204-208.
Шатова О.П., Трунова О.А., Зинкович И.И. Влияние лактата на миграционную активность лейкоцитов периферической крови // Университетская клиника. — 2010. — Т. 6, № 1–2. — С. 49-51.
Bassetti C. et al. Recurrence of Cervical Artery Dissection: A Prospective Study of 81 Patients // Stroke. — 1996. — Vol. 27. — P. 1804.
Boden-Albala B. Metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke risk: Northern Manhattan Study / Boden-Albala B., Sacco R.L., Lee H.S., Grahame-Clarke C., Rundek T. et al // Stroke. — 2008 Jan. — 39(1). — 30-5. — Epub 2007 Dec 6.
Clarke J.T.R. A Clinical Guide to Inherited Metabolic Diseases (3rd ed.). — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. — P. 358.
Demuth K., Germain D.P. Endothelial markers and homocysteine in patients with classic Fabry disease // Acta Paediatr.Suppl. — 2002. — 91(439). — 57-61.
Donnan G.A. Stroke / Geoffrey A. Donnan, Marc Fisher, Malcolm Macleod, Stephen M. Davis // The Lancet. — 2008. — № 371. — P. 1612-1623.
Fellgiebel A., Keller I., Marin D. et al. Diagnostic utility of different MRI and MR angiography measures in Fabry disease // Neurology. — 2009. — 72(1). — 63-68.
Fried L.P., Borhani N.O., Enright P., Furberg C.D., Gardin J.M., Kronmal R.A., Kuller L.H., Manolio T.A. et al. The Cardiovascular Health Study: Design and rationale // Annals of epidemio-logy. — 1991. — 1(3). — 263-76.
Gilden D.H., Cohrs R.J., Mahalingam R. Clinical and molecular pathogenesis of varicella virus infection // Viral. Immunol. — 2003. — 16. — 243-258.
Gilden D.H. Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy and disseminated encephalomyelitis // J. Neurol. Sci. — 2002. — 195. — 99-101.
Goldstein L.B., Bushnell C.D., Adams R.J., Appel L.J., Braun L.T., Chaturvedi S., Creager M.A., Culebras A., Eckel R.H., Hart R.G., Hinchey J.A., Howard V.J., Jauch E.C., Levine S.R., Meschia J.F., Moore W.S., Nixon J.V., Pearson T.A. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke. A guideline forbhealthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association // Stroke. — 2010 Dec 6.
Grayston J.T., Kronmal R.A., Jackson L.A., Parisi A.F., Muhlestein J.B., Cohen J.D., Rogers W.J., Crouse J.R., Borrowdale S.L., Schron E., Knirsch C. ACES Investigators. Azithromycin for the secondary prevention of coronary events // N. Engl. J. Med. — 2005. — 352. — 1637-1645.
Hajer G.R. Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome. / Hajer G.R., van der Graaf Y., Olijhoek J.K., Verhaar M.C., Visseren F.L. SMART Study Group // Heart. — 2007 Feb. — 93(2). — 216-20. — Epub 2006 Sep 4.
Hoffmann B., Beck M., Sunder-Plassmann G., Borsini W., Ricci R., Mehta A. FOS European Investigators, Nature and prevalence of pain in Fabry disease and its response to enzyme replacement therapy: a retrospective analysis from the Fabry Outcome Survey // Clin. J. Pain. — 2007. — 23(6). — 535-542.
Illuminati G. Revascularization of the internal carotid artery for isolated, stenotic, and symptomatic kinking / Illuminati G., Calio’ F.G., Papaspyropoulos V., Montesano G., D’Urso A. // Arch. Surg. — 2003 Feb. — 138(2). — 192-7.
Jacobs B.S., Boden-Albala B., Lin I.F., Sacco R.L. Stroke in the young in the northern Manhattan stroke study // Stroke. — 2002. — 33(12). — 2789-2793.
Jiunn-Horng Kang. Increased Risk of Stroke After a Herpes Zoster Attack. A Population-Based Follow-Up Study / Jiunn-Horng Kang, Jau-Der Ho, Yi-Hua Chen, Herng-Ching Lin // Stroke. — 2009. — 40. — 3443-3448.
Kernagis D.N. Evolving role of biomarkers in acute cerebrovascular disease / Kernagis D.N., Laskowitz D.T. // Ann. Neurol. — 2012. — № 71(3) — P. 289-303.
Kilmer S. McCully. Chemical Pathology of Homocysteine. IV. Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation / Kilmer S. McCully // Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. — 2009. — Vol. 39, № 3. — P. 219-232.
Kloska S.P., Schlegel P.M., Strater R., Niederstadt T.U. Causality of pediatric brainstem infarction and basilar artery fenestration? // Pediatr. Neurol. — 2006. — 35. — 436.
Kunihiro Matsushita. The Association of Plasma Lactate With Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes. The ARIC Study / Kunihiro Matsushita, Emma K. Williams, Morgana L. Mongraw-Chaffin, Josef Coresh et al. // Am. J. Epidemiol. — 2013.
Lonn E. Homocysteine Lowering with Folic Acid and B Vitamins in Vascular Disease / E. Lonn, S. Yusuf, M.J. Arnold et al. // The New England Journal of Medicine. — 2006. — № 354(15). — P. 1567-1577.
Luepker R.V. WHO MONICA project: what have we learned and where to go from here? / R.V. Luepker // Public Health Reviews. — 2011. — № 33. — P. 373-396.
Manwaring N., Jones M.M., Wang J.J. et al. Population prevalence of the MELAS A3243G mutation // Mitochondrion. — 2007. — 7(3). — 230-233.
Meikle P.J., Hopwood J.J., Clague A.E., Carey W.F. Prevalence of lysosomal storage disorders // JAMA. — 1999. — 281(3). — 249-254.
Mini’no A.M. Deaths: Final data for 2008 / A.M. Mini’no, S.L. Murphy, J. Xu, K.D. Kochanek // National Vital Statistics Reports. — 2011. — № 8(7). — P. 9-11.
Moore D.F., Kaneski C.R., Askari H., Schiffmann R. The cerebral vasculopathy of Fabry disease // J. Neurol. Sci. — 2007. — 257(1–2). — 258-263.
Ramos-Fernandez M. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 as a marker for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review / Ramos-Fernandez M., Bellolio M.F., Stead L.G. // J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. — 2011 Jan-Feb. — 20(1). — 47-54.
Rodriguez M.C., MacDonald J.R., Mahoney D.J., Parise G., Beal M.F., Tarnopolsky M.A. Beneficial effects of creatine, CoQ10, and lipoic acid in mitochondrial disorders // Muscle Nerve. — 2007. — 35(2). — 235-242.
Rost N.S., Wolf P.A., Kase C.S., Kelly-Hayes M., Silbershatz H., Massaro J.M., D’Agostino R.B., Franzblau C., Wilson P.W. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: the Framingham Study // Stroke. — 2001. — 32. — 2575-2579.
Rost N.S. Brain natriuretic peptide predicts functional outcome in ischemic stroke / Rost N.S., Biffi A., Cloonan L., Chorba J., Kelly P., Greer D., Ellinor P., Furie K.L. // Stroke. — 2012 Feb. — 43(2). — 441-5.
Sniderman A.D., Furberg C.D., Keech A., Roeters van Lennep J.E., Frohlich J., Jungner I., Walldius G. Apolipoproteins versus lipids as indices of coronary risk and as targets for statin treatment // Lancet. — 2003. — 361. — 777-780.
Takahashi N., Shimada T., Murakami Y. et al. Vascular involvement in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes // Am. J. Med. Sci. — 2005. — 329(5). — 265-266.
Taylor-Robinson D., Thomas B.J. Chlamydia pneumoniae in arteries: the facts, their interpretation, and future studies // J. Clin. Pathol. — 1998. — 51. — 793-797.
Trabetti E. Homocysteine, MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and cardio–cerebrovascular risk / E. Trabetti // Journal of applied genetics. — 2008. — № 49(3). — P. 26-282.
Vermeer S.E., Koudstaal P.J., Oudkerk M., Hofman A., Breteler M.M. Prevalence and risk factors of silent brain infarcts in the population-based Rotterdam Scan Study // Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. — 2002. — 33(1). — 21-5.
Viktorija Kenina. Cytomegalovirus chronic infection as a risk factor for stroke: a prospective study / Viktorija Kenina, Pauls Auce, Zanda Priede et al. // Proceedings of the latvian academy of sciences. — 2010. — Section b. — Vol. 64, № 3/4 (668/669). — P. 133-136.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our edition uses the copyright terms of Creative Commons for open access journals.
Authors, who are published in this journal, agree with the following terms:
- The authors retain rights for authorship of their article and grant to the edition the right of first publication of the article on a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows others to freely distribute the published article, with the obligatory reference to the authors of original works and original publication in this journal.
- Directing the article for the publication to the editorial board (publisher), the author agrees with transmitting of rights for the protection and using the article, including parts of the article, which are protected by the copyrights, such as the author’s photo, pictures, charts, tables, etc., including the reproduction in the media and the Internet; for distributing; for the translation of the manuscript in all languages; for export and import of the publications copies of the writers’ article to spread, bringing to the general information.
- The rights mentioned above authors transfer to the edition (publisher) for the unlimited period of validity and on the territory of all countries of the world.
- The authors guarantee that they have exclusive rights for using of the article, which they have sent to the edition (publisher). The edition (the publisher) is not responsible for the violation of given guarantees by the authors to the third parties.
- The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive distribution of their article in the form in which it had been published in the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.
- The policy of the journal permits and encourages the publication of the article in the Internet (in institutional repository or on a personal website) by the authors, because it contributes to productive scientific discussion and a positive effect on efficiency and dynamics of the citation of the article.
- The rights to the article are deemed transferred by the authors to the edition (the publisher) since the moment of the publication of the article in the printed or electronic version of journal.