Background. The purpose of the work was to investigate the possibility of using high-reliable laboratory biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as to develop the structure of a modern laboratory algorithm for this disease, taking into account the possibility of both diagnosing the disease itself and its specific features using laboratory biomarkers. Materials and methods. In order to find valid MS biomarkers investigated in at least two independent studies with statistically significant positive results, a broad literature review was carried out for the period of 2007–2017. To increase the likelihood of a correct diagnostic and prognostic result in MS, we have developed a combined algorithm with the use of a whole group of specific laboratory biomarkers, with indication of their diagnostic and predictive power. Results. In order to diagnose MS, assess the risk of clinically isolated syndrome transformation into MS, determine the activity and progression of the disease, and also to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, a specific algorithm was offered for laboratory tests using the biomarkers for every group. For each test, a high and low risk is defined, or a cut-off point is established. The summing up of test results of a specified group reflects the general diagnostic and prognostic result. Conclusions. Extremely large number of MS biomarkers is not used in the daily practice of neurologists because of the lack of high validity of these tests. There is still no single clinical sign or diagnostic test sufficient for independent and absolutely accurate diagnosis of MS and its features. Most biomarkers can characterize only a group of patients in general, with low diagnostic properties when applying a separate test in a particular patient. Therefore, in order to increase diagnostic efficiency, it is necessary to use a set of specific laboratory biomarkers. This is a priority task on the way of the implementation of individualized medicine, which, in MS, will enable to predict the risk of the disease, precisely differentiate MS from other diseases, correctly evaluate the characteristics of the disease and choose an effective treatment, as well as to predict the course of the disease and the occurrence of undesirable side reactions.

multiple sclerosis; diagnosis; biomarkers; laboratory algorithm

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